在测试抬升过程中,左侧开口指令从 0.724 变为 0.429。在腕部像素 (300, 280) 附近的蓝色墙壁后面,可能可以看到黑色手表的一小部分,因此我最初怀疑它是否被夹住。然而,其高机位相机位置仍出现在 (284, 219) 附近,表明它并未被抬起。开口指令减小可能反映滑动、继续闭合或与蓝色墙壁接触。右侧抓取肯定失败了:其开口指令为 0,小条在桌面上保持不变。我需要小心地恢复两者;还剩 640 个控制步。
我应该重新评估抓取位置以及我关于接触点位于局部 X = 0.14米的假设。也许夹垫更接近指尖末端 0.1576米处。我之前计算过,手指轴线上该距离处的点投影到腕部像素 (320, 275),因此将物体放置在接触时该像素附近可能会获得更可靠的抓取。在观测 451 中,小条的估计腕部中心为 (280, 200),与指尖投影的偏移为 (−40, −75) 像素。相比之下,观测 46 中成功的初始紫色条抓取,其中心接近 (320, 230),更接近指尖中心 (320, 275)。对小条几何中心的另一次估计为 (270, 200),同样表明夹爪轴线未穿过其中心。我应该同时使用腕部投影和近似立体位置来细化对齐。
小条的立体估计约为 (0.124, −0.142, 0.761) m,而右侧第六连杆抓取位姿为 (0.132, −0.148, 0.935) m。使用更精确的立体点 (0.1236, −0.1422, 0.7614) m 得到相对世界向量 (−0.0084, 0.0058, −0.1736) m。对于小条的朝向,我取局部 X 指向下方,局部 Y 具有水平分量 (−0.669, 0.743),局部 Z 具有分量 (0.743, 0.669)。这给出局部 X = 0.1736米,局部 Y = 0.0056 + 0.0043 = 0.0099米,局部 Z = −0.0062 + 0.0039 = −0.0023米。因此,估计中心沿闭合方向约 1厘米,局部 X 距离约为 0.174米,超出指尖约 1.6厘米。夹垫可能只接触了其顶部边缘,如果它们接触到了的话。
再下降 0.02米将使该距离变为约 0.154米。将第六连杆沿局部 Y 方向移动 +0.01米,在世界横纵中约为 (−0.0067, 0.0074) m,也会使其居中。这表明抓取目标接近 (0.1253, −0.1406, 0.915) m,而不是 (0.132, −0.148, 0.935) m,与立体校正一致。我在 z = 0.935米处过早闭合,因为我认为手指已经接触。之前的五步下降将第六连杆从 z = 0.999米移动到 0.935米,下降了 0.064米,但未达到请求的 0.923米。在 z = 0.935米处,指尖大约在 0.777米,而估计物体中心在 0.761米,底部在 0.75米。夹垫大约在其中心上方 16毫米,可能只抓住了顶部然后滑脱。在第六连杆 z = 0.915米处,指尖将接近 0.757米,夹垫中心接近 0.77米。长条抓取在第六连杆 z = 0.924米处成功,其顶部接近 0.774米,中心可能接近 0.765米。这个更小、更细的条,估计顶部接近 0.761米,可能需要更低的抓取,大约在 z = 0.91米。
尽管左侧第六连杆在测试抬升期间达到了 z = 0.956米,黑色手表可能仍留在桌面上。我应该重新打开、重新居中,并考虑下降到 z = 0.91 或 0.90米。在较早的接触位姿,左侧第六连杆位于 z = 0.934米,立体点位于 z = 0.777米,给出局部 X 距离接近 0.157米,最初似乎合适。然而,指令横纵位置为 (−0.078, −0.051) m,而测量位置为 (−0.073, −0.059) m。相对于估计的手表点 (−0.078, −0.051, 0.777) m,世界向量约为 (−0.005, 0.008, −0.157) m。腕部几乎处于朝向 A,但不完全;我尚未确定局部 Y 偏移。水平偏移约为 9毫米,这可能仍允许抓取。
0.777米的立体高度可能指的是扁平环的顶部而非其中心。如果中心更低,接近 z = 0.76米,则它在第六连杆下方约 0.174米,使得抓取过高。将第六连杆降低到 0.915米将使该中心距离约为 0.155米。我之前向 0.915米的下降在 0.933米附近停滞。也许一个偏离中心的手指接触了环的顶部,在打开时阻止了进一步下降。或者,朝向尚未收敛,或者尽管预检查成功,仍与蓝色墙壁接触。我应该在再次下降前重新打开并重新居中。
我考虑将打开的左侧夹爪返回到 z = 1.0米,并再次使用高机位和腕部视图,尽管手表可能仍被遮挡在其下方。其已知的立体位置可能足以以朝向 A 和稍后 0.91米的高度瞄准横纵坐标 (−0.078, −0.051) m。另一个选择是将第六连杆进一步向前景移动至 y = −0.065米以避开墙壁。那将位于估计手表中心 y = −0.051米前方 14毫米。沿世界 X 闭合可以抓住环的前部,尽管质心将保持在抓取点后方,可能导致旋转。
我还考虑在抬升前将手表移离墙壁。如果手指当前环绕表带,沿 −Y 缓慢拖动 5厘米可以在保持接触的同时避开墙壁。开口从 0.724 变为 0.429 可能意味着它被短暂夹住并在垂直运动期间滑脱,或者现在被更牢固地夹住。在当前第六连杆高度 0.956米(比接触高度高 0.022米)处,向 y = −0.10米方向进行小幅向后拖动可以测试这种可能性。如果它未被夹住,我认为该移动不会造成伤害。右臂可以独立地重新打开并重新抓取条。
在选择该替代方案之前,我应该比较手表的高机位相机位置。在观测 414 中其中心接近 (284, 219),在观测 460 中出现在 (284, 220) 附近,基本不变。我得出结论,左侧夹爪没有抬起它:抓取失败或立即滑脱,手表仍在桌面上。开口指令 0.429 可能反而反映与蓝色墙壁的接触。我将重新抓取,而不是尝试拖动。
我将打开两个夹爪并返回到校正后的预抓取位姿。当前左侧第六连杆位置为 (−0.075, −0.060, 0.956) m,朝向几乎等于 A;右侧位于 (0.132, −0.149, 0.959) m,具有小条朝向。我将目标左侧设为 (−0.078, −0.051, 1.0) m, 四元数 [0.5, −0.5, 0.5, 0.5],右侧设为 (0.124, −0.142, 1.0) m,其小条朝向不变。这些目标在打开的同时将左侧第六连杆抬高 0.044米,右侧抬高 0.041米,我认为是安全的。我将使用五个控制步,然后检查腕部视图;我预计在这些预抓取高度下,物体将出现在像素 (320, 大约 200) 附近。之后,我计划将左侧第六连杆下降到 z = 0.91米,右侧下降到 0.915米,并避免在真正到达预期位姿之前闭合。
原文7,176 字
The left opening command changed from 0.724 to 0.429 during the test lift. A tiny part of the black watch may be visible behind the blue wall near wrist pixel (300, 280), so I initially wonder whether it is held. However, its high-camera position still appears near (284, 219), suggesting it did not lift. The decreased opening command could reflect slipping, continued closure, or contact with the blue wall. The right grasp definitely missed: its opening command is 0, and the small bar remains unchanged on the table. I need to recover both carefully; 640 control steps remain.
I should reassess the grasp positions and my assumption that the contact point is at local X = 0.14 m. Perhaps the pads are closer to the fingertip extent of 0.1576 m. I previously calculated that a point on the finger axis at that distance projects to wrist pixel (320, 275), so placing the object near that pixel at contact may give a more reliable grasp. In observation 451, the small bar’s estimated wrist center was (280, 200), an offset of (−40, −75) pixels from that fingertip projection. By comparison, the successful initial purple-bar grasp in observation 46 had its center near (320, 230), closer to the fingertip center at (320, 275). Another estimate of the small bar’s geometric center was (270, 200), also indicating that the gripper axis did not pass through its center. I should use the wrist projection as well as the approximate stereo position to refine alignment.
The small bar’s stereo estimate is approximately (0.124, −0.142, 0.761) m, whereas the right link6 grasp pose was (0.132, −0.148, 0.935) m. Using the more precise stereo point (0.1236, −0.1422, 0.7614) m gives a relative world vector of (−0.0084, 0.0058, −0.1736) m. For the small-bar orientation, I take local X to point down, local Y to have horizontal components (−0.669, 0.743), and local Z to have components (0.743, 0.669). This gives local X = 0.1736 m, local Y = 0.0056 + 0.0043 = 0.0099 m, and local Z = −0.0062 + 0.0039 = −0.0023 m. Thus, the estimated center is about 1 cm along the closing direction and at a local-X distance of roughly 0.174 m, about 1.6 cm beyond the fingertips. The pads may have touched only its top edge, if they contacted it at all.
Descending another 0.02 m would bring that distance to about 0.154 m. Shifting link6 by +0.01 m along local Y, approximately (−0.0067, 0.0074) m in world XY, would also center it. That suggests a grasp target near (0.1253, −0.1406, 0.915) m rather than (0.132, −0.148, 0.935) m, consistent with the stereo correction. I closed prematurely at z = 0.935 m because I thought the fingers had reached contact. The preceding five-step descent moved link6 from z = 0.999 m to 0.935 m, a descent of 0.064 m, but had not reached the requested 0.923 m. At z = 0.935 m, the fingertips were approximately at 0.777 m while the estimated object center was at 0.761 m and its bottom at 0.75 m. The pads were about 16 mm above its center and may have caught only the top before slipping. At link6 z = 0.915 m, the fingertips would be near 0.757 m and the pad center near 0.77 m. The long bar grasp at link6 z = 0.924 m succeeded with its top near 0.774 m and its center perhaps near 0.765 m. This smaller, thinner bar, with its estimated top near 0.761 m, may need a lower grasp around z = 0.91 m.
The black watch may also still be on the table despite the left link6 reaching z = 0.956 m during the test lift. I should reopen, recenter, and consider descending to z = 0.91 or 0.90 m. At the earlier contact pose, left link6 was at z = 0.934 m and the stereo point was at z = 0.777 m, giving a local-X distance near 0.157 m, which initially seemed suitable. However, the commanded XY position was (−0.078, −0.051) m while the measured position was (−0.073, −0.059) m. Relative to the estimated watch point (−0.078, −0.051, 0.777) m, the world vector was approximately (−0.005, 0.008, −0.157) m. The wrist was nearly at orientation A but not exactly; I have not determined the local-Y offset. The horizontal offset was about 9 mm, which might still permit a grasp.
The 0.777 m stereo height may refer to the flat ring’s top rather than its center. If the center is lower, near z = 0.76 m, it was about 0.174 m below link6, making the grasp too high. Lowering link6 to 0.915 m would put that center at a distance of about 0.155 m. My earlier descent toward 0.915 m stalled near 0.933 m. Perhaps an off-center finger contacted the top of the ring and prevented further descent while open. Alternatively, the orientation had not converged, or there was contact with the blue wall despite the successful precheck. I should reopen and recenter before lowering again.
I considered returning the open left gripper to z = 1.0 m and using the high and wrist views again, although the watch may remain occluded beneath it. Its known stereo position may be enough to target XY coordinates (−0.078, −0.051) m with orientation A and a later height of 0.91 m. Another option is to move link6 farther toward the foreground to y = −0.065 m to avoid the wall. That would be 14 mm in front of the estimated watch center at y = −0.051 m. Closing along world X could grasp the ring’s front portion, though the center of mass would remain behind the grasp and might cause rotation.
I also considered moving the watch away from the wall before lifting. If the fingers currently surround the band, a slow 5 cm drag along −Y could maintain contact while clearing the wall. The opening change from 0.724 to 0.429 might mean it was briefly held and slipped during vertical motion, or that it is now more securely gripped. A small backward drag at the current link6 height of 0.956 m, which is 0.022 m above the contact height, toward y = −0.10 m could test that possibility. If it were not held, I thought the move would do no harm. The right arm could independently reopen and regrasp the bar.
Before choosing that alternative, I should compare the watch’s high-camera position. Its center was near (284, 219) in observation 414 and appears near (284, 220) in observation 460, essentially unchanged. I conclude that the left gripper did not lift it: the grasp missed or slipped immediately, and the watch remains on the table. The opening command of 0.429 may instead reflect contact with the blue wall. I will regrasp rather than attempt the drag.
I’ll open both grippers and return to corrected pre-grasp poses. The current left link6 position is (−0.075, −0.060, 0.956) m with an orientation nearly equal to A; the right is at (0.132, −0.149, 0.959) m with the small-bar orientation. I’ll target the left at (−0.078, −0.051, 1.0) m with wxyz quaternion [0.5, −0.5, 0.5, 0.5], and the right at (0.124, −0.142, 1.0) m with its small-bar orientation unchanged. These targets raise the left link6 by 0.044 m and the right by 0.041 m while opening, which I judge safe. I’ll use five control steps, then inspect the wrist views; I expect the objects to appear near pixel (320, approximately 200) at these pre-grasp heights. Afterward, I plan to descend the left link6 to z = 0.91 m and the right to 0.915 m, and avoid closing until the intended poses have actually been reached.